Avel-COVID19-Comp Sc-HND3 Course- PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE IN IT

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INTEL DEV. CLASS

HND COMPUTER SCIENCE

PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE IN IT

BY

Committee of Intellectuals [CoI]

@

INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE CENTER [INTEL CENTER]

PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE IN IT  

Briefly explain five (5) criteria that must be met before a policy is enforceable

i         Dissemination: The organization must be able to demonstrate that the relevant policy has been mode readily available for review by the employee.

ii           Review (Reading): The organization must be able to demonstrate that it disseminated the document in an intelligible form, including versions for illiterate and reading impaired employees.

iii          Comprehension (understanding): The organization must be able to demonstrate that the  the employee understood the requirement and content of the policy.

vi         Compliance: The organization must be able to demonstrate that the employee agreed to comply with the policy through act or affirmation.

v          Uniform enforcement: The organization must be able to demonstrate that the policy has been uniformly, regardless of employee status or assignment.

Briefly explain five (5) challenges faced by the professional bodies to attract high quality students who are critical to the profession’s future.

i         There is a risk that the pool of potential entrants to the profession is becoming too small due to conditions such as pre‒ qualification entrance requirements, originally conceived as supporting quality but which may now becoming the counterproductive.

ii         In many cases, the qualification requirements of the professional requirements of the professional bodies overlook key skills required in the work place, including softer skills, such as presentation.

iii        Maintaining syllabuses and ensuring appropriate tuition requires investment and continual management and monitoring at all levels, this can be difficult for professional bodies to maintain independently.

v        Significant Investment is also required to ensure appropriate continuing professional development given the constant evolution of standards and introduction of new requirement.

v        Isa lancing technical knowledge and broader skills within a syllabus.

Briefly explain the following:

            i) Intimacy groups

            ii) Tasks groups

           iii) Weak association

iv) Social categories

i. Intimacy Groups‒Are  small in size and moderate in duration and permeability, but characterized by substantial levels of interaction among members, who considered these groups to be very important to them personally .Examples families, close friends ,street gangs, couples…e.t.c.

ii. Task groups‒Includes work groups in employment settings and goal focused groups in a variety of non-employment situations. Many of these groups such as employees at a restaurant, people who works in a factory are work groups in a commercial settings.

iii. Weak association‒Are aggregation of individuals that formed spontaneously, lasted only a brief period of time, and had boundaries that are very permeable. Examples people gathered at a bus stop waiting for the next bus.

iv. Social categories‒ Are aggregation of individuals were similar in terms of gender, ethnicality, religion and nationality.

Briefly explain total quality management.

Total quality management is concerned with creating a quality culture, so that every employee will seek to delight customers. The customers is at the center of the production process.

Code of Ethics

1. A moral guideline and expectation, centered on honesty, trustworthiness , fairness and respect  for privacy, Confidentiality and Intellectual Property
2. It give ethical principles and expects the Practitioner to regulate own behavior accordingly, without specifically enumerating what he/she can or cannot do.
3. Enforceable if embedded in/code of Practice.

Copy right infringement mean to involve in any  violation of the exclusive rights of the copyright Owner.

Compare a successful project to a successful product.

Successful project: This is about defining the criteria by which the process of delivering the project is successful. Essentially this addresses the classic “are we on time, budget, on scope, quality?” (adapted to whichever PM method you might be using). It is limited to the duration of the project and success can be measured as soon as the project is officially completed (with intermediary measures being taken of course as part of project control processes).

Successful product: This is about defining the criteria by which the product or service delivered is deemed successful (e.g. system is used by all users in scope, uptime is 99.99%, customer satisfaction has increased 25%, etc.). These criteria need to be measured once the product/service is implemented and over a defined period of time.

Compare a successful project to a successful produce.

There are a wide range of definition of the term ‘success’. It is perceived differently by different stakeholders. It plays out in various ways across states, communities and population subgroup since there is a large diversity of people with different ideas. In fact the definition of success from one branch of science to another. This success is not easily defined or determined. What appears to be a failure in one project might be a success factor in another factor. Project success related into 2 groups. Project success criteria and project success factors.

A project is a temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique product or service. This is a clear definition of what needs to be delivered the tactic when it needs to be delivered.

A product is anything that can be offered to a market to solve a problem or satisfy a want or need. It has a life cycle with multiple stages. A product is conceived, developed, introduced and managed in the market and retired when the need for it diminishes. 

Product management and project management are complementary but distinct to understand this distinction; we define the word product and project. A successful project manager understand that without the proper project management, product development will hit a snag. They’re able to work closely with a project manager to create a successful product.

With a product there’s no clear definition of what has to be delivered. Customer needs evolve over time, and the product has to evolve as well. There is also no clear deadline. A customer expect, a product to meet their needs right now, not at some distant point in the future. This product development is not a temporary or occasional endeavour it is a continuous process of delimiting new features improving the product.

A project manager is responsible for the successful delivery of a project within a specific deadline and ligning available resources and managing issues and risks.

One of the most difficult tasks for a project manager is managing the scope of the project. They must balance time, cost and quality – for example if the deadline is shortened, they must either increase costs or reduce the scope in order to maintain quality.

In short project manager aim to maximize quality & minimize risk.

Project manager is only responsible for the success of a specific project. A product manager is responsible for the overall & continuous success of a product.

Product managers focus on the what more than the how they take a long term view and decide what direction the product should go based on customer needs.

In conclusion: According to Buccarini (99), project success requires a combination of project management success and project product success. Project management success is related to the efficiency of the project manager process in term of cost, time and quality.

Components of Curriculum Vitae

1. Personal Details
2. Personal statement/summary
3. Education and Qualifications
4. Work Experience /Employment History
5. Skills
6. Hobbies and interests
7. References

Computer professional council of Nigeria (CPCN)

1. Information Activities a used by computer professional council of Nigeria (CPCN) are data capture, representation, processing , security, transfer, interchange, Presentation, Management, organization storage, and retrieval of data and information .

1. Professional Service as used by Computer professional council of Nigeria (CPCN) are advice, Opinion or recommendation on matters having to do with computer and /or Information activities of the computing activities, or that, in the opinion of the Council requires the competences and the correct demeanor of a member of the profession.

1. Constitutional  Authority as used by Computer Professional Council of Nigeria (CPCN) are the standards established that must be met by members and formulated rules that define the behavior expected of each and every member in everyday professional life.

Describe the dynamic of a group and the role of difficult members

A group can be defined as several individual who come together to accomplish a particular task or goal.

Group dynamics refer to the attitudinal and behavioural characteristics of a group. Group dynamics concern how groups form their structure and process and how they function. Group dynamics are relevant in both formal and informal groups of all types. In an organisational entity and the study of groups and dynamics is an important area of study in organizational behaviour.

The following sections provides information related to group dynamics. Specially, the information and development of groups is first considered. Then some major types of classifications of groups are discussed. The structure of groups is examined.

The roles and responsibilities of the leader of facilitator and the individual members workers within the group or team are examined. The word role refers to how a person will behave and what function they will perform within the group as a whole.

Leadership / Facilitator Roles

The term facilitator is sometimes used rather than leader, because the role is often not so much one of directing, then enabling the group to achieve its aims. In many groups the leader may eventually take a back seat, handing over the leadership role to other members of the group.

These are different theories of leadership and people have tried to describe leaders in many different ways. White &Lippett identified three styles of leadership: autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire 1960, these styles are still used today to define different leader types. Different styles of leadership may be appropriate at different stages in a group’s development. Different people with different personalities will adopt different leadership style – some may be more appropriate than the others at any given time

Autocratic

The autocratic leaders take full control of the group.

Describe a range of approaches to quality improvement e.g. ISO9001, SEI, quality circles.

Approaches to quality improvement

Model for Improvement (Plan-Do-Study-Act[PDSA cycles]: The institute for Healthcare Improvement’s Mode for Improvement combines who popular QI models: Total Quality Management (TQM) and Rapid Cycle Improvement (RCI). The result is a framework that uses PDSA cycles to test interventions on a small scale. The PSDA (Plan-Do-Study-Act) cycle is one of the widely used QI methodology in health care for testing a change on small scale — by planning change and collecting baseline data, testing the change and collecting data, observing the results and analyzing the data, and acting on what is learned. If the change did not result in improvement in the process, try another strategy. If the change resulted in improvement, adopt the change, monitor the process periodically, and implement the change on a larger scale.

A number of other QI approaches have also been used in healthcare. Based on your organizational priorities, the QI committee can choose a preferred approach. Six Sigma’s (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. Lean Six Sigma (asq.org): Lean Six Sigma combines two popular QI models: Lean and Six Sigma. The result is a framework that provides  a means for assessing value of potential QI efforts and an approach to executing QI projects, referred to as DMAIC, or Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. FADE (Focus, Analyze, Develop, Execute, and Evaluate).

Describe the dynamics of a group and the role of different members

Group dynamics is a system of behaviours and psychological processes occurring within a social group (intra-group dynamics), or between social groups (intergroup dynamics). The study of group dynamics can be useful in understanding decision-making behaviour, tracking the spread of diseases in society, creating effective therapy techniques, and following the emergence and popularity of new ideas and technologies. Group dynamics are at the core of understanding racism, sexism, and other forms of social prejudice and discrimination. These applications of the field are studied in psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science, epidemiology, education, social work, business, and communication studies.

• Task Roles 

Task roles refer to the actions of individuals that help move the project, decision, task along.

• Maintenance Roles

Maintenance roles refer to the actions of individuals that help preserve the relationships in a group.

• Hindering Roles

Hindering roles refer to actions of individuals that hinder the group’s process and progress.

Describe the stages of group formation  

Forming a team takes time, and members often go through recognizable stages as they change from being a collection of strangers to a united group with common goals. Bruce Tuckman’s Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing model describes these stages. When you understand it, you can help your new team become effective more quickly.

• Forming

In this stage, most team members are positive and polite. Some are anxious, as they haven’t fully understood what work the team will do. Others are simply excited about the task ahead.

As leader, you play a dominant role at this stage, because team members’ roles and responsibilities aren’t clear.

This stage can last for some time, as people start to work together, and as they make an effort to get to know their new colleagues.

• Storming

Next, the team moves into the storming phase, where people start to push against the boundaries established in the forming stage. This is the stage where many teams fail.

Storming often starts where there is a conflict between team members’ natural working styles. People may work in different ways for all sorts of reasons but, if differing working styles cause unforeseen problems, they may become frustrated.

Storming can also happen in other situations. For example, team members may challenge your authority, or jockey for position as their roles are clarified. Or, if you haven’t defined clearly how the team will work, people may feel overwhelmed by their workload, or they could be uncomfortable with the approach you’re using.

            Some may question the worth of the team’s goal, and they may resist taking on tasks.

Team members who stick with the task at hand may experience stress, particularly as they don’t have the support of established processes or strong relationships with their colleagues.

• Norming

Gradually, the team moves into the norming stage. This is when people start to resolve their differences, appreciate colleagues’ strengths, and respect your authority as a leader.

Now that your team members know one another better, they may socialize together, and they are able to ask one another for help and provide construction feedback. People develop a stronger commitment to the team goal, and you start to see good progress towards it.

There is often a prolonged overlap between storming and norming, because as new tasks come up, the team may lapse back into behaviour from the storming stage.

• Performing

The team reaches the performing stage, when hard work leads, without friction, tot he achievement of the team’s goal. The structures and processes that you have set up support this well.

As leader, you can delegate much of your work, and you can concentrate on developing team members.

It feels easy to be part of the team at this stage, and people who join or leave won’t disrupt performance.

Adjourning

Many teams will reach this stage eventually. For example, project teams exist for only a fixed period, and even permanent teams may be disbanded through organizational restructuring.

Team members who like routine, or who have developed close working relationships with colleagues, may find this stage difficult, particularly if their future now looks uncertain.

Describe the stages of group formation

The best known universal scheme for group development was advance by Bruce Trickman, which include four stages! forming, storming, norming and performing. A fifth stage was later added called adjourning.

1. Forming:

The first stage of group development represents a time where the group is just starting to come together and is characterised with their behaviour, which is driven by the desire to be accepted by all members of the group.

• Storming:

Is where conflict and competition are at its greatest. This is because now that the group members have an understanding of the task and general feel for who they are as a group & who group members are they feel confident and begin to address some of the more. Important issues surrounding the group. Such issues can relate to thing like the group task, individual roles & responsibility of even with the group members themselves. This is where the more dominant of the group members emerge while other less confrontational number stay in the comfort and security of suppressing their feelings just as they did in the previous stage.

• Norming:

Once a group receives the clarity that it so desperately needs, it can move on the third stage group development. It is the time where the group becomes a cohesive unit.

• Performing:

At its peak, the group moves into the fourty stages of group development known as the performing stage, it is marked the highest productivity. Group members are unified, loyal & supporting.

Describe a range of approaches to quality improvement e.g ISO9001, SEI, quality circles

ISO 9001:2015, the international standard specifying requirements for quality management systems, is the most prominent approach to quality management systems.

While some use the term QMS to describe the ISO 9001 standard or the group of documents detailing the QMS, it actually refers to the entirely of the system. The documents only serve to describe the system.

Quality management systems serve many purposes, including:

• Improving processes        
• Reducing waste
• Lowering costs
• Facilitating and identifying training opportunities
• Engaging staff
• Setting organization-wide direction

Describe a range of approaches to quality improvement e.g. ISO 900! SEI, quality circle

Quality management ensure that an organization product or service is consistent. It has 4 main components: Quality planning, Quality assurance, Quality control, quality improvement.

The Internal standard. Quality management (ISO 9001 adopts a number of management principles, that can be used by top-management to guide their organizations towards improved performance.

Quality Circle

A Quality Control or quality circle is a group of worker who do the same or similar work, who meet regularly to identify, analyze and solve work related problem. Normally small in size, the group is usually lead by a supervisor or manager and presents its solution to management: where possible worker implement the solution themselves in order to improve the performance of the organization and motivate employees.

Elements of a good presentation

1. Start with interesting catch
2. Smile, natural and be friendly
3. Passion
4. Conversational tone
5. Big voice and good projection
6. Points are clear
7. Use of great visuals
8. Simple Design
9. Use of Video or Movies Segment
10. Has a clear main point
11. Confident body Language
12. Use of Interesting examples
13. Clear Pronunciation
14. Get audience participation
15. Good time Management

Explain the need for validating information and list appropriate criteria

Finding information is only one part of your research; assessing the quality and timeliness of that information is the other. Not only can it be a waste of time to read through a material and implement the information and suggestions found there, only to later find that they were inaccurate, but such material may pose a health or safety problem if that information directly affects your health and safety or that of your family, pets, employees, co-workers, or clients.

• To validate data, appropriate tests need to be run, such as running the data through business cases, usability testing, and case models.

• To validate fluctuating data, appropriate meetings can also be set up to establish and authenticate the information, such as when you need up-to-date information for a status report.

• To validate any data received from others, make sure beforehand that you were clear as to what information you were asking for. It is a good idea to give an explanation, and then follow through with an example for further clarification of what material you were seeking.

• Use trustworthy sources. Check how accurate the people or organizations you follow are. Try to verify information as soon as possible: Check the provenance, time and date of the information.

• Correct misinformation.

• Pay attention to information that might misrepresent individuals and/or communities.   

Explain the role of professional bodies

Professional bodies are organizations whose members are individual professionals. In some professions it is compulsory to be a member of the professional body, in others it is not. This usually depends on whether or not the profession requires the professional to have a ‘license to practice’, or to be on a professional register, in order to do their job. This is related to how the profession is regulated i.e. who is responsible for making sure that professionals are doing their jobs properly.

• The professional body may have a number of functions. They may:

• Set and assess professional examinations

• Provide support of Continuing Professional Development through learning opportunities and tools for recording and planning

• Public professional journals or magazines

• Provide networks for professionals to meet and discuss their field of expertise

• Issue a Code of Conduct to guide professional behaviour

• Deal with complaints against professionals and implement disciplinary procedures

• Be enabling fairer access to the professions, so that people from all backgrounds can become professionals.

• Provide careers support and opportunities for students, graduates and people already working.

Explain the concept of quality improvement & describe ways of implementing this

The concept of service quality is essentially very simple, relating to the provision of goods & services that meets the expectation of these receiving them.

Quality in the delivery of goods & services is now accepted as a critical aspect of business management. In all field since it is realised that only by satisfying its customers can an organization hope to retain its customer based and indeed expand it for the future.

Service Quality as an ideal developed around the world after a need was identified to establish & maintain services standards for organization that wished to achieve and retain a substantial market share in their given field.

The idea of Quality Improvement is seen in many other service area such as retail, hospitality, and healthcare. These sectors not only have the similar goals of securing business but they also have the aim of developing of reputation for quality & excellence of service. Indeed it can be seen that quality management is as critical if not more so, in the service sector as it is in manufacturing, since customers have the expectation of high quality service that is not necessary present in regards to manufactured product.

Explain the term “fitness for purpose”

It can be expressed agreed or implied in construction contracts or consultancy agreements to ensure that whatever is being designed, built or supplied is fit for its intended purpose. Also the standard that must be met by a seller in the course of a business. Generally, when a buyer makes known to a seller the particular purpose for which the good are bought, there is an implied condition that the goods are reasonbile fit for the purpose (customer requirement, needs or desire).

The principle of fitness for purpose is basic & must be present in the article supplied regardless of the limitation surrounding a sale by sample or by description.

Explain the following job application process

1. Advertisement: is a form of communication which can make the consumers aware of a specific product or services available in the market. It is very important to create brand awareness, brand positioning & brand loyalty among potential customer. There are various medias, through which these messages are promoted like television, radio, printed media (magazines, newspaper, billboards) and internet.

Advertisement can also be in various forms like audio, video, textual or graphical.

Objectives of advertisement can be classified in 2 broad categories

1.          Direct action objective like increase sales volume

2.         Indirect action objective like communication

Moreover, it is also aimed to build attractiveness to increase sales and for brand awareness as mentioned above.

Advertisement are made to promote a company product, increase sales & even boost its image in public

ii.          CV and Covering Letter:

A cover letter is a document sent with your resume to provide additional information on your skill and experience the letter provides detailed information on why you are qualified for a job you are applying for. If an employer requires a cover letter it will be listed in the job posting. Don’t simply repeat what’s on your resume – rather, include specific information on why you are a strong match for the employer’s job requirement. Think of your cover letter as a sales pitch that will market your credential and help you get the interview.

CV

Is a document one uses to apply for an employment. It provides detailed information about an individual education and work history. Often called a CV, it is much more comprehensive than a resume and therefore it can be much longer. There is no limit to hold long, but it must include only information that is needed to illustrate your academic and professional experience. A Lengthy or isn’t better than a short one if it contains irrelevant data.

iii.         Interview and Aptitude Test

Interview is an employment conversation where questions are asked and answers are given. In common parlance, the word interview refers to a one-one conversation with one person acting in the role of the interviewer and the other. In the role of the interviewee the interviewer ask questions, the interviewee responds, with participants taking turns talking. Interviews usually involves a transfer of information from interviewee to interviewer, which is usually the primary purpose of interview. Although information transfers can happen in both directions simultaneously.

iv.         Aptitude Test

It is an exam used to determine an individual’s propensity to succeed in a given activity. It assume that individuals have inherent strengthens and weakness and are naturally inclined toward success or failure in certain areas based on their innate characteristics.

The tests each have a standardised method of administration and scoring with the results quantified and compared with all other test taken.

Individual might take an optimise test to determine the kind of careers that are a good match for their skill & interests. Similarly, high school students might take an aptitude test what thinking about what will bean appropriate college major or whether college is the best choice for them.

2.        Explain the structure and content of a good CV

It is incredibly important to ensure your CV is as good as possible. The overall presentation and layout grammar and most importantly, content require great attention. Many employer won’t even read your CV if they encountered mistake.

Tailoring your CV

It is essential to tailor your C.V for each role you apply for

• Read the job description
• Research the company
• Link both points to your relevant skill & experience

Presentation & Layout

• It is imperative that your presentation & CV structure is of a high standard in order to give a good impression.
• Clean & well laid out – use white space to make it easier for the employer to read
• No longer than 2 pages unless your industry has its own standard
• Use professional font, avoid italics & use bold text for heading only.
• Start each bullet point with a verb such as created, managed, increased improved e.t.c.

Basic or Structure

• Contact details
• Your nationality & working visa details
• Personal summary
• Skill summary
• Work Experience
• Education and training
• Hobbies
• References
• Final checks

Explain how to tailor a covering letter to a job specification

Tailoring your cover letter to a particular job serves a number of purpose

1. Demonstrate your interest in the company / industry
2. Show the company how you can benefit them
3. Highlight your most relevant skills and experience
4. Give you an edge over other applicant

Without further ado, let’s get into how to tailor your cover letter to the role you’re interested in

1. Research the company and industry
2. Who will be reading your cover letter
3. What key skills is the employ or looking for?
4. Are there any current industry trends?
5. What is the company’s vision?

Explain the following:

            i)         Civil law

            ii)        Criminal law

            iii)       Private law

            iv)       Public law

i. Civil Law‒comprises a wide variety of laws that govern a nation or state and deal with the relationships’ and conflicts between organizational entities and people

ii. Criminal Law‒Addresses activities and conduct harmful to society and its activity enforced by the state.

iii. Private Law‒Encompasses family law, commercial law, labor law , and regulates the relationship between individuals and organizations.

iv. Public Law‒Regulates the structure and administration of government agencies and their relationships with citizens, employees and other governments.it includes criminal, administrative and constitutional law.

Explain the concept of quality improvement and describe ways of implementing this

i. Concept of quality improvement

Quality Improvement is a formal approach to the analysis of performance and systematic efforts to improve it. Quality improvement models present a systematic, formal framework for establishing QI processing in your practices.

ii. Implementing quality improvement

1. New Programs and Initiatives: The Quality Improvement program (Lean, Kaizen, Six Sigma, Continuous Improvement, TPM etc) must not impose a completely new initiative on your business. Where possible use existing tools, terms and systems, especially where there are associated with good business results. It may be necessary to adapt the new program as necessary. If people feel the program is a process they are already familiar with, it avoid the “here we go with yet another extra-hot chilliflavour of the month” mentality.

• A Solid Framework:- A good “improvement mindset” or framework for a sustainable system must already exist within the business, where as many people as possible understand and are committed to continuing the process. As a minimum, the new system should encourage more idea generation, collection and selection, team formation and formal approaches to problem solving, recognition and communication and lastly tracking. Try to gain commitment from everyone in the business about the basic framework right at the start and ensure there is a common and agreed understanding about the big picture of how the Quality Management initiative will be applied.

• Give Credit:- In most businesses, Quality Improvement initiatives are not really brand new out of the box thinking, as many people have already been exposed to and worked on Quality Improvement concepts for a long time, and with some successes. It’s important to acknowledge past achievements and recognise the champions who made it happen by assigning them significant roles for the new wave. If however, the approach has been firefighting, you may want to build a different team and approach the initiative more proactively. If past projects were not successful then it’s important to show how the new initiative differs from the previous and why it stands a better chance for success.

• Encourage Ideas: Ideas should come from anyone and no ideas should be turned away. Make everyone aware of the criteria for setting priorities and what the targets are for the Quality Improvement initiative. Assign responsibilities or sponsors who should stimulate the generation of ideas in their areas of influence. There should always be a surplus of ideas waiting for implementation. Any ideas that are rejected or put on hold should be fed back to the originator, explaining the rationale for the decision.

• Individual or Pilot Project selection:- Depending on your approach, it may be necessary to start off the program on a small scale or as a “Pilot”. If this is the case, the criteria for selecting the first projects should be based on a project whose results directly benefit and impact many people in the business, and where such results are visible within a couple of months. It’s worth selecting a purpose made “A Team” to spearhead the Pilot. This “Hit Squad” should comprise people who are ready to talk about what is going on to all their colleagues and people who want to see improvement happen.      

Explain the term “fitness for purpose”

Fitness for purpose: Something that is fit for purpose is good enough to do the job it was designed to do. Warranties can be expressly agreed or implied in construction contracts or consultancy agreements to ensure that, whatever is being designed, built or supplied is fit for its intended purpose.

Explain the following job application process:

i. Advertisement

ii. CV and covering letter

iii. Interview and aptitude test

i. Advertisement: a notice or announcement in a public medium promoting a product, service, or event or publicizing a job vacancy.

ii. A curriculum vitae: commonly known as a CV, is an alternative to writing a resume to apply for a job. While a resume is typically a page or two in length, a CV is more detailed and longer. A CV often contains more information on one’s academic background than a resume.

A cover letter is a document sent with your resume to provide additional information on your skills and experience. The letter provides detailed information on why you are qualified for the job you are applying for.

iii. An interview is a conversation where questions are asked and answers are given.[1] In common parlance, the word “Interview” refers to a one-on-one conversation with one person acting in the role of the interviewer and the other in the role of the interviewee. The interviewer asks questions, the interviewee responds, with participants taking turns talking. Interviews usually involve a transfer of information from interviewee to interviewer, which is usually the primary purpose of the interview, although information transfers can happen in both directions simultaneously.

An aptitude test: by definition, is any type of assessment that evaluates the talent/ability/potential to perform a certain task, with no prior knowledge and/or training. Aptitude tests assume that individuals have inherent strengths and weaknesses, and are naturally/inclined toward success or failure in certain areas based on their innate characteristics.

Explain the structure and content of a good CV

Your details:- Include your name, address, phone numbers and email address so any interested employers can contact you easily. Information such as nationality, age and driving licence status are potential.

Personal statement:- One paragraph that immediately captures the attention of your reader and entices them to find out more about you. Be careful not to cram too much in. Instead take your main skill and relate it to the job you’re offer to show employers why you meet their needs.

Work experience:- List your most recent position first, continuing in reverse chronological order including the name, location, website and dates of your employment for each company you have worked for. Aim to use bullet points wherever possible to highlight your responsibilities and achievements in each role so the person scanning your CV can quickly match up your experience with their job description.

Education:- Again, in reverse chronological order, give brief details of your academic and professional qualifications along with the grades you achieved. If you’re looking for your first job since leaving education, include this information above any work experience.

Skills:- Whether you realize it or not you will have picked up many skills over the years, some tangible, some less so. Include every IT package or programme you have used as well as any foreign language skills you have gained, and state whether you’re at a basic, intermediate or advanced level. Skills such as communication and project management are harder to substantiate and should be backed up with examples.          

Hobbies and Interests:- Including these is optional and often used to fill up space at the end of the document. The idea is to give the interviewer a more rounded picture and, perhaps, something more personal to discuss at an interview.

References:- It’s not necessary to list referees on your CV, but you should state that details are available on request. If this is your first job, it’s a good idea to nominate tutors or mentors. You’ll obviously need to choose references that you’re confident will give positive remarks, but you should also make sure they would be easily contactable by potential employers when the time comes.

A clear and simple layout:-Always keep your CV to two pages of A4. It should be clear to anyone reading your CV where to find the information they’re looking for, with enough ‘white space’ to ensure they’re not overawed at first glance.

Explain how to tailor a covering letter to a job specification

Opening paragraph. Why are you writing? You’re writing to apply for a particular job. Say specifically which position, being careful to call it by the exact title used in the listing, and say where you found out about it, using specifics (“on Indeed.com” rather than “on the Internet”). You should also introduce yourself professionally by generally mentioning your education and/or experience.

Body paragraph. This is where you go into more depth on why your education and/or experience make you the right candidate for the job. Use points from the listing itself to highlight your own best attributes. If you’re able, using this space to say more about a particular work accomplishment from your résumé is a good idea. If you’re particularly experienced or accomplished, you may be able to extend this to a second paragraph, but be very careful to keep this entire section clear and concise.

Closing paragraph. Now that you’ve introduced yourself and explained why you’re a great candidate, it’s time to request an interview, at the employer’s convenience. Mention any supporting documents that are attached (especially your résumé, but any requested samples or other paperwork, too), and provide instructions for how to obtain further information like references, a portfolio, etc. And, finally, thank the person you’re writing to for their time and consideration.

Explain the role of professional bodies

The roles of professional bodies are

• set and access professional examination
• provide support for continuity
• publish professional journals or magazine
• deal with complaints against professional behaviours
• provide career support & opportunities
• for student, graduate and people already working       

Professional standard assists us, our management team, and our healthcare organization to develop sage staffing practice delegate tasks to licensed and unlicensed personnel, ensure adequate documentation and even create policies for new technology such as social media. For example, if a nurse disclose on social media site that he or she provide care to a specific patient, it potentially violate the health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act. 

Explain the need for validating information & list appropriate criteria

Information are gained and checked for validity, is then used by different disparate entities, mostly at the same time to make numerous decision, in both the corporate and the decisions, bad information has an equal, if not greater impact on the decision in reverse.

Data validation is vital to ensure the data is clean, correct and useful. If you are sending bullions of event from millions of players, you will not want to have to clean your data before you can run any analysis. Therefore running validation on your details it is ingested means you can be confident with the result if your data is not validated it can have a huge impact. Imagine a scenario where your game is hacked and receives invalid transactions from fake app stores.

This would affect your revenue numbers, your average revenue per user, life time value and ultimately all your economy reporting would be completely out, why is why it’s immensely important to validate your data.

In case of transaction receipts, if you do validate them we can then identify which users are potentially even target campaigns to them and increase their        frequencies as a result.     

Explain the role of professional bodies

Professional bodies are organisations whose numbers are individual professionals. In some professions, it is compulsory to be a member of the professional body, in other it is not. This usually depend on whether or not the profession requires the professional register, In order to do other job. This is related to have the profession is regulated i.e. who is responsible for making sure that professional are doing their job properly.

Explain the concept of quality improvement and describe ways of implementing this

Quality improvement (QI) is a systematic, formal approach to the analysis of practice performance and efforts to improve performance

A variety of approaches –– or QI models –– exist to help you collect and analyze data and test change. While it’s important to choose a reputable QI model to guide your efforts, it’s more important that you fully commit to using the QI process and good QI practices.

Explain the term “fitness for purpose”.

“Fitness for purpose” warranties can be expressly agreed or implied in construction contracts or consultancy agreements to ensure that, whatever is being designed, built or supplied is fit for its intended purpose.

Explain the following job application process:

i.         Advertisement

A clear, well-written and well-placed job advertisement will attract the best applicants. The type of advertising you do depends on the type of job you are recruiting for. For example, if you are looking for a casual staff member, you may only need to put a sign in your window or advertise on a commonly noticeboard. If you are recruiting for a manager, you will probably want to advertise in the newspaper or on a job website.

Preparing a job advertisement

Your job advertisement should be concise but still include essential information to help people decide if they want to apply. It should also be well designed and look professional.

Explain the job and your recruitment process clearly in the advertisement, and give information about your business, including the location.

Make sure you include:

• a summary of the job description and key responsibilities
• the skills, experience and knowledge needed, based on the job description
• clear instructions on how to apply, including whether you want a CV, application form, work samples or responses to selection criteria
• details of a contract person who applicants can talk to for more information about the job
• a closing date for applications
• a start data for the job
• the pay range
• a statement about the benefits of the position, and the opportunities for the successful candidate.

ii.        CV and covering letter

Curriculum Vitae is a detailed bookkeeping of not only a person’s past history of education, experiences and qualifications but also related accomplishments and is generally used when an individual is looking for a job.

A cover letter is an essential part of almost every job application. Not only do you have to make sure it sells your skills and abilities to recruiters, you also need to do it a clear and concise manner that ultimately persuades the reader to want to meet you. A cover letter is a document sent with your resume to provide additional information on your skills and experience. The letter provides detailed information on why you are qualified for the job you are applying for. Don’t simply repeat what’s on your resume — rather, including specific information on why you’re a strong match for the employer’s job requirements.

iii.       Interview and aptitude test

An interview is a conversation where questions are asked and answers are given. In common parlance, the word “interview” refers to a one-on-one conversation with one person acting in the role of the interviewer and the other in the role of the interviewee. The interviewer asks questions, the interviewee responds, with participants taking turns talking.

An aptitude test is a systematic means of testing a job candidate’s abilities to perform specific tasks and react to a range of different situations. The tests each have a standardized method of administration and scoring, with the results quantified and compared with all other test takers.

Explain the structure and content of a good CV

There is no collectively accepted format, but your CV should cover these elements:

• Your details – Include your name, address, phone numbers and email address so any interested employers can contact you easily. Information such as nationality, age and driving licence status are optional
• Personal statement – One paragraph that immediately captures the attention of your reader and entices them to find out more about you. Be careful not to cram too much in. Instead take your main skill and relate it to the job you’re after to show employers why you meet their needs.
• Work experience – List your most recent position first, continuing in reverse chronological order including the name, location, website and dates of your employment for each company you have worked for. Aim to use bullet points wherever possible to highlight your responsibilities and achievements in each role so the person scanning your CV can quickly match up your experience with their job description.
• Education – Again, in reverse chronological order, give brief details of your academic and professional qualifications along with the grades you achieved. If you’re looking for your first job since leaving education, include this information above any work experience.
• Skills – Whether you realise it or not you will have picked up many skills over the years, some tangible, some less so. Include every IT package or programme you have used as well as any foreign language skills you have gained, and state whether you’re at a basic, intermediate or advanced level. Skills such as communication and project management are harder to substantiate and should be backed up with examples.
• Hobbies and interests – Including these is optional and often used to fill up space at the end of the document. The idea is to give the interviewer a more rounded picture and, perhaps, something more personal to discuss at an interview.
• References – It is not necessary to list referees on your CV, but you should state the details are available on request. If this is your first job, it’s a good idea to nominate tutors or mentors. You would obviously need to choose references that you are confident will give positive remarks, but you should also make sure they would be easily contactable by potential employers when the time comes.

Explain how to tailor a covering letter to a job specification

Tailoring your covering letter

It is essential to tailor your covering letter for each role you apply for:     

• Read the job description
• Research the company
• Link both points to your relevant skills and experience

Here are a few key things you should find out before you start writing:

• What does the company do?
• Who are their competitors?
• Who are their target audience?
• What does the role involve?
• What are the essential skills?

For a company to perform at optimum capacity, Dr Raymond Belbin outlined several behavioral traits that a company should keep in mind. Identify nine (9) of these traits.

i         Plant‒This type of person is imaginative, creative and unorthodox. it’s role in the team would be to solve intricate problems.

ii         Resource investigation‒ this is the kind of person with an expansive address book, whenever the team needs something, he or she will consult his list of connection to address the need.

iii        Chairman or coordinator‒ This type of person reaches decisions after consultation with all group members.

iv       Shapes‒ This type of team member thrives on pleasure and loves challenges.

v        Monitor or evaluator‒  A person who has the capacity to remain objective and analyze a situation dispassionately should fill this rate.

vi       Company worker‒ This is the pragmatist, the one who can turn team decisions into workable solutions.

vii       Team workers‒ Here the team needs a person who is strong on interpersonal relationship. This member is important to keep individual team members happy and ensure they take part in the decision making.

viii      Complete finisher‒ This group member should be meticulous and analytical to ensure the timeliness and quality of the teams output.

ix           Specialist‒ Belbin added this role in 1988 after realizing the importance of specialist knowledge in every team.

Forms of Job Interview are:

1. Written Interview                  
2. Oral Interview
3. Phone Interview
4. One to One Interview
5. Panel Interview
6. Group Interview
7. Lunch Interview

Functions of SITA and CITC

SITA’S Function are:

a. To consolidate and coordinate the state’s information technology resource

b. Increase delivery capabilities and enhance interoperability.

c. Committed to leveraging /information technology as a strategic resource for government

d. Managing the IT procument and delivery process to ensure that the Government gets value for money.

e. Using it to support the delivery of e-Government service to all citizens.

CITC’S Function are:

a. Granting licenses to provide telecommunication and information technology services.

b. Managing tariffs of telecommunication and information technology services

c. Protection of user’s rights

d. Setting service quality standards

e. Supervision and management of the National Numbering Plan.

How does companies maximize the chances that their IT projects deliver the expected value on time and within budget?

i. Managing strategy and stakeholders‒ Top performing projects ,establish a clear view of the initiatives strategic value, one that goes beyond he technical content. By building a robust business case and maintaining focus on business objectives along the whole project timeline

Successful teams can avoid cost overruns .they can also, for example, ensure faster customer response times, obtain higher quality data for the marketing organization or reduce the number of required manual processes.

ii Mastering technology and content‒Drawing an expert help as needed high performing teams orchestrate all technical aspects of the project including IT architectural and infrastructure, functionality trade off, quality assurance, migration and rollout plans, project slope

iii Building effective teams‒ Large projects can take on a life of their in an organization.to be effective and efficient, project teams needs a common vision ,shared teams processes and a high performance culture.to build a solid team member should have a common incentive structure that is aligned with the overall project goal in constract with individual  work stream goals

iv. Excelling at core project management practices.to achieve effective project management ,there is no substitute for tested practices. These include having a strategic and disciplined project management office and establishing rigorous processes for managing requirements engineering and change requests.

Investigate the I.T Related Law in India Vs Nigeria

Compare & Contract

In May 2000; both the houses of the Indian parliament passed the Information Technology Bill. The Bill received the assessment of the president in August 2000 and came to be known as the Information Technology Act 2000. Cyberlaw are contained in the ITACT, 2000. This Act aim to provide the Legal Infrastructure for e-commerce in India. And the cyber laws have a major impact for e-business and the new economy in India. So it is important to understand what are the various perspectives of the ITACT, 2000& what it offers.

The Information Technology Act 2000, also aim to provide for the Legal framework so that legal sanctity is accorded to all electronic records and other activities carried out by electronic means.

Chapter II of the Act, specifically state that any subscriber may authenticate all electronic record by affixing his digital signature.

Chapter III of the Act details about Electronic Governance and provides interalia amongst others that where any law provides that information or any other matter shall be in writing or in the typewritten or printed form, then not withstanding anything contained in such Law, such requirement shall be deemed to have been satisfied if such information or matter is rendered or made available in an electronic form; and accessible so as to be useable for subsequent references.

The act also provide for the constitution of the cyber Regulation Advisory Committee, which shall advice the government as regards any rules, or for any, other purpose connected with the said act. The said Act also proposes to amend the Indian penal code, 1860. The Indian Evidence Act 1872, the Banker book Evidence Act 1891; The Reverse Bank of India Act 1934 to make them in tune with the provision of IT Act. 

The bilateral relations between the Republic of Indian the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercialities.

Oil-rich Nigeria stated recently that India has replaced the United State as its largest crude importer 20 – 25 percent of India’s domestic oil demand. India, however, now purchases some 30% of Nigeria’s daily crude production which currently hovers around 2.5million barrets with bilateral oil trademarked at us$10billion, Indian oil companies are also involved in oil drilling operation in Nigeria and have plans to set up refineries there.

Both Nations were colonised by the British Empire, India supported Independence of African countries from colonial rule and established its diplomatic mission in 1958 – two years before Nigeria officially gained Independence from British rule. Since the restoration of democracy in 1998, Nigeria has joined India in becoming the largest democracy in 1998. Nigeria has joined Indian in becoming the largest democracies in their respective region with diverse religious and ethic population.      

The possess diverse religious and ethnic population. The possess diverse religious and ethnic population. 

After Nigeria’s independence, both nations bought to develop strong relations. In 1962, the Indian Prime Minister Jawahartal Nehru made a static visit to Nigeria. In 1999, the democratically elected president of Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo made a state visit to India and was the Chief guest at India’s Republic Day Celebrations.

* 2001 – 02 analysis of global IT Infrastructure ranked Nigeria 75^th of 75 surveyed countries (centre of International Development). The whole of West Africa suffers from economic “information in no exception”. Nigeria obtained its first digital computer in 1963. Installations remained low even after many individual universities government department and public sector undertaking has acquired some amount of computing power towards the end of the 1970’s.

While the number of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and cyber cafe increased, IT development received meagre official stimulus in the last century. In fact, Nigeria had no IT policy until 2001, when it instituted the national IT Development Agency with a $28million grant.

Tasked with making Nigeria, “a key player in the information society”. The agency has been widely criticised for ineffectiveness and failure align with other national policies.

There are over 500,000 business operating across the country regard in manufacturing, server retail and wholesale. Most of these companies start to benefit from IT product; step for instance, a 2005AC Nelson survey found that the online         and sales site eBay had a significant impact on the growth of small business in the USA. Information technology related Law in Nigeria.

The computer Law in Nigeria is the way under develop and hence don’t meet with the contemporary requirements of the modern information and technology age we lack the technical resources expertise as well as legal framework to tackle cyber crones and computer crones at large. The business environment, therefore serious technological sci-training is required for judges, lawyers, law students, law profession and co-operate executives in Nigeria.

The internet has been revolutionary in giving anyone with a website the equivalent of a primary press or television transmission or opinion to the whole world without first going through formal view by a publisher. Government have reacted to the new technology with the IT Law has also reacted to new technology with the expectation of the telephone and typewriter, the technological revolution of the past century has left the law untouched. Law has dealt at ant length with technology, making new rules to cover air travel, genetic engineering and the like, while the lawyer who do the work carry on with paper and pencils until the advent of the computer.

The coverage of I.C.T goes beyond such activities and programming, networking and analysing. It enables the usage of computers & related tools to enhance the quality of life.

Laws on Information Technology in Nigeria

The national Broadcasting commission act, the act was first formulated as a decree on 24, August 1992. However the Decree and its amendment have been adapted as an act of the National Assembly. The National Broadcasting Commission act, therefore regulate radio broadcasting activities. In Nigeria as well as the licensing of cable DTN and all terrestrial radio & television policy.

Information Technology Related Law in India

The present law governing I.T have been derived from the Indian telegraph Act 1985, Indian wireless telegraph Act 1953 the telegraph wire in lawful possession act 1950 and the cable television network (Regulation) Act 1995, in the recent past the television regulatory body in Indian, known as telecommuting recently been entrusted with the task of regulating and drafting of policies relating to broadcasting sector.

Job application mistakes to avoid during Interview

1. Avoid use of wrong/CV/template
2. Avoid to Long or too shot CV
3. Do not rush while Speaking
4. Ensure that your handshake and smile are warm
5. Ensure that you have eye contact with interview
6. No gum, candy or Cigarettes
7. No heavy Perfume
8. No earrings
9. Never criticizing or give away secret of your former or present company.

Justify the need for professional standard

Professional standard is an Ethical or legal duty of a professional to exercise the level of care, diligence, and skill prescribed in the code of practice of his or her profession, or as other professionals in the same discipline would in the same or similar circumstances.

Professional standard describe the competent level of care in each phase of the nursing process. They replied a desired and achievement level of performance against which a nurse’s actual performance can be compared. The main purpose of professional standards is to order and maintain safe and clinically competent nursing practice. 

This standard are important to our profession because they promote and guide our clinical practice. They provide as evaluation tool for yourself and your colleagues to ensure clinical proficiency and safety. Professional nursing standard are also used to provide a framework for developing clinical competency checklist or proficiency evaluation for a specific clinical unit or employer. And they may be used as a comparison tool to evaluate a nurse’s care if the employer suspects the nurse has developed unsafe work habit

Ethical or legal duty of a professional to exercise the level of care, diligence, and skill prescribed in the code of practice of his or her profession, or as other professionals in the same discipline would in the same or similar circumstances.

The National Occupational Standards for IT professionals are industry standards for skills, developed in collaboration with employers, professional bodies and others. They are continually updated for all key disciplines of the tech profession, and provide the building blocks for qualifications and training. The standards have been developed in line with the Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA).

The purpose of the standards is to:

• define the capabilities (performance, knowledge and understanding) required to operate as an IT professional
• make it easier for employers to describe job roles, externally and internally
• provide a standard taxonomy for recognizing the skills levels of employees and setting development objectives.

All members must demonstrate that they:

• Act with integrity
• Always provide a high standard of service
• Act in a way that promotes trust in the profession
• Treat others with respect
• Take responsibility

Justify the need for standard and defined processes by describing example of good and bad practice.

The hand for professional standard are professional registration standards confidentially accountability & responsibility written consent.

Accountability and Responsibility

As a professional, you are personally accountable for action and omission in your practice and must always be able for justify your decision and you must always and lawfully, whether those laws relate to your professional practice or personal life. Implicit in all of the above is that people in your care must be able to trust you with their health and well being. There is the hand to deliver care based on the best available evidence base practice “provide a high standard of practice and care at all times make the care of people your first concern, for a thing them as individual and respect their dignity with working with other to protect and provide for their health and well being of those in your care, their families and carriers and the wider communities

Justify the need for quality management within the field of I.T.

Quality management ensures that an organization product or services is consistent. It is the process of understanding how your customers feel and making software products and services that they will love, and as a consequent value.

I.T Quality Management

Two men who have created beauty, generated wealth and received international recognition by applying quality management principle in architecture and computer technology talk about it like this.

When you create an environment that exactly matching the way people want to work it actually comes alive it becomes organic part of you. Almost part of nature when you are to fight it to get your work done it creates a dead space that as one wants to be aid you lose your audience.

It is in Apple DNA that technology alone is not enough. It’s technology married with Liberal anys, married with the humanities that yields us the result that makes our heart sing and nowhere is thus more true than in these post – pe – device.

Quality Management Principles

Is a 9000 identifies eight quality management principles that should guide and inform all quality management activities.

1. Customer focus
2. Leadership
3. Involvement of people
4. Process of approach
5. System Approach to Management
6. Continual Improvement
7. Factual Approach to decision making      
8. Mutually beneficial supplier relationship

It dictates what will happen – the direction of the group and the steps needed to complete the aims and objective. Autocratic leaders tends to praise & criticize individuals with the group, rather than the groups as a whole.

Although very much in control of the direction of the group the autocratic leader will tend to distance themselves from the actual work of the group after having told the group what to do.

Democratic

The democratic leader runs the group as a democracy giving choice whenever possible & appropriate. The democratic leader will allow group members to decide how they wish to work in order to best complete the aims & objectives of the group. The democratic leaders is more likely to be present in the group, offering advice and alternative way of accomplishing a task when appropriate.

Justify the need for quality management within the field of I.T

Effective integration of information technology into an organization’s business processes has become increasingly crucial to prosperity. IT includes such items as the systems software, application software, computer hardware, networks and database associated with managing an organization’s information. The chief information officer leads the department that manages most aspects of an organization’s IT.

However, when it comes to implementing quality standards in the IT kingdom, most CIOs face so many pressures to deliver systems and technologies which meet the organization’s ever-changing needs that quality falls by the wayside.

The industry as a whole has fallen short of delivering technology that people understand and can use. Many of the problems occur because of the complexity of technology and the rapid pace of change. Neither of these conditions are likely to decline; in fact, they’re accelerating at an alarming rate. If flawless execution was an elusive goal in the past, it is even more so today.

However, performance can be considerably improved by ensuring that tactical decisions to develop and support IT emphasize quality. Experience tells us that quality improvements in IT delivery and service support can be achieved by introducing such considerations as user satisfaction, integration and flexibility early on in the decision process and reinforcing them throughout the review process.

Although there are no perfect solutions, there are standards in these areas, which an application and its support cannot be allowed to fall. Quality management means ensuring that these standards are carefully enforced and embedded into the thinking of the organization’s entire IT community.

Justify the need for standard and defined processes by describing examples of good and bad practice

SO 9001:2015 is by far the most recognised and implemented quality management system standard in the world. ISO 9001:2015 specifies the requirements for a QMS that organizations can use to develop their own programs.

Other standards related to quality management systems include the rest of the ISO 9000 family (including ISO 9000 and ISO 9004), the ISO 14000 family (environmental management systems), ISO 13485 (quality management systems for medical devices), ISO 19011 (auditing management systems), and ISO/TS 16949 (quality management systems for automotive-related products).

Best practices are used to maintain quality as an alternative to mandatory legislated standards and can be based on self-assessment or benchmarking. Best practice is a feature of accredited management standards such as ISO 9000 and ISO 14001.    

Some consulting firms specialize in the area of best practice and offer pre-made templates to standardize business process documentation. Sometimes a best practice is not applicable or is inappropriate for a particular organization’s needs. A key strategic talent required when applying best practice to organizations is the ability to balance the unique qualities of an organization with the practices that it has in common with others.

Good operating practice is a strategic management term. More specific uses of the term include good agricultural practices, good manufacturing practice, good laboratory practice, good clinical practice and good distribution practice.

An example of a successful best practice from the guide is building codes for energy efficiency. This practice is to use building energy codes to set requirements that establish a minimum level of energy efficiency standards for residential and commercial buildings. California Energy Code Title 24 is one “best practice” that is highlighted in this guide. The following points for energy code implementation is to educate and train key audiences, supply the right resources, and to provide budget and staff for the program.

Justify the need for quality assurance

Quality assurance (QA) is a way of perceiving mistakes or defects in manufactured products and avoiding problems when delivering solutions or services to customers; which ISO 9000 defines as “part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled”. This defect prevention in quality assurance differs slightly from defect detection and rejection in quality control, and has been referred to as a shift left as it focuses, on quality earlier in the process.

Compare a successful project to a successful product

Successful projects are those that meet business requirements, are delivered and maintained on schedule, are delivered and maintained within budget, and deliver the expected business value and return on investment. Many factors contribute to project success, but effective project management and governance practices are particularly critical.

These factors have been well understood for many years. It is not a comprehension of the facets of a success which is lacking but, more often, the willingness of businesses to research these factors, and – more to the point – a willingness to respond to the answers they find when they ask the questions.

List 10 sources of information

1. Magazine
2. Journals
3. Reference Books
4. Internet Sources
5. Library Sources
6. Works of art
7. Websites
8. Public opinion polls
9. Records of organization
10. Tertiary Sources  

Sources of Information

• Academic journals
• Online / internet
• Magazines
• Newspaper
• Reference Books
• Encyclopedia
• Billboards
• Social media
• Mass medias e.g. t.v, radio

Sources of information

The three types of information sources are:

• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary 

Primary Sources

Primary sources are original materials on which other research studies are based. Primary sources report a discovery or share new information. Primary sources are the first formal appearance of results in print or electronic formats.

Examples of primary sources are: eyewitness accounts, journalistic reports, financial reports, government documents, archaeological and biological evidence, court records, ephemerals (posters, handbills), literary manuscript and minutes of meetings etc.   

Secondary Sources

A secondary source of information is one that was created by someone who did not have first-hand experience or did not participate in the events or conditions being research. Secondary sources are not evidence, but rather commentary on and discussion of evidence. A secondary data is one that has been collected by individuals or agencies for purposes other than those of a particular research study.

For the purposes of a historical research project, secondary sources are generally scholarly books and articles. Also included in this category would be reference sources such as encyclopedias (also considered tertiary). Other examples of secondary sources are:

• Bibliographies (also considered tertiary);
• Biographical works
• Commentaries
• Criticisms
• Dictionaries
• Histories

Tertiary Sources

Tertiary sources consist of information which is a distillation and collection of primary and secondary source.

Tertiary sources are usually not credited to a particular author. They are intended only to provide an overview of what the topic includes, its basic terminology, and often references for further reading.

Examples of tertiary sources include dictionaries and encyclopedias, Wikipedia and similar user-contributed online ‘encyclopedias’ and reference materials, as well as various digests (including the Reader’s Digest) and schoolbooks.

List appropriate criteria

• Data type validation
• Range and constraint validation
• Code and cross-reference validation; and
• Structural validation
• User Interactivity and Forms
• File Manipulation Routines 
• Import & Export Routine
• Field Level Validation
• Form Level Validation

Lines of Professional Practice in Computer Science

1. System Analyst
2. Software development System Developer
3. Network Administrator
4. Website Administrator
5. Chief  Information Office
6. IT Coordinator
7. IT Support Officer
8. Database Administrator
9. ICT Engineer
10. Information Technology Officer
11. Data Center Administrator
12. Data Processing Officer
13. Data Administrator

Chief Information Office

Attributes:

Information Technology department highlights the fact that C10 is becoming and important member of the Organisation’s Management team.

Duties

1. To align IT with business strategy
2. To supplement the internet and electronic commerce related activities
3. The evaluation, Selection and Implementation of Software Packages
4. Oversee the Information Technology departments.

System Analyst

Attributes

• Problem Solving Ability
• People Skills
• Interpersonal Communication skills

Duties

–  To capture of Input data from the myriad of potential sources.

–  Processing and storage of the data

–  Delivery of timely and accurate information to the user other information systems

Making a good Presentation

1. Start with Introductions
2. Arranged your presentation in Sequential Order
3. The main point are delivered in order of Increasing Importance.
4. A problem s Presented and a solution should be given
5. From Simplest Idea to the most complex or vide versa
6. After the body, come the closing Part
7. Presentation should have a logical beginning, middle and end

Need for Quality Assurance in IT practices

1. Review the quality assurance of the IT project
2. Refer to Quality tools for guidance ad example of quality assurance activities
3. Be sure to refer back to the quality assurance plan periodically
4. Regulations
5. Accreditation
6. Knowledge of Peers
7. Statistical analysis
8. Special cause variation
9. Control
10. Meet the minimal standards

Need for quality Management in I.T

Quality management ensures that an organization, product or serve is consistent. It has four main components: quality planning, quality assurance, quality control and quality improvement. [1] Quality management is focused not only on product and service quality, but also on the means to achieve it. Quality management, therefore, uses quality assurance and control of processes as well as products to achieve more consistent quality.

Need for quality Assurance

Quality assurance (QA) is a way of preventing mistakes or effects in manufactured products and avoiding problems when delivering solutions or services to customers; which ISO 9000 defines as “part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled”. This defect prevention in quality assurance differs subtly from defect detection and rejection in quality control, and has been referred to as a shift left as it focuses on quality earlier in the process.    

The terms “quality assurance” and “quality control” are often used interchangeably to refer to ways of ensuring the quality of a service of product. [3] For instance, the term “assurance” is often used as follows: Implementation of inspection and structured testing as a measure of quality assurance in a television set software project at Phillips Semiconductors is described.

Obligation of IT Practitioner to the Public

1. Shall ensure that the Products of your effort are used in socially responsible ways and avoid harmful effect on life and property.
2. Shall give objective, Credible, Comprehensive and thorough professional evaluations, highlighting possible risks.

Principles of effective teamwork

1. Keep the group or team/small
2. Commitment
3. Purpose must be cleared
4. Team should have a common bond, interest and purpose

Privacy Protection Act is a federal law that place restrictions on the federal government’s collection, use ad dissemination of personal information. The act protects “work products” and “documentary materials”

Professional Competence is the capability to perform the duties of one’s profession generally or to perform  a particular professional task with skill  of an acceptable quality

Professional body may have a number of functions.

• Set and assess professional examinations
• Provide support for Continuing Professional Development through learning opportunities and tools for recording and planning.
• Publish professional journals or magazines
• Provide networks for professionals to meet and discuss their field of expertise
• Issue a Code of Conduct to guide professional behaviour
• Deal with complaints against professionals and implement disciplinary procedures
• Be enabling fairer access to the professions, so that people from all backgrounds can become professionals.

Not all professional bodies have regulatory functions.

In some professional, it is necessary to be registered with the regulator but not the professional body, who may provide a set of services to their professional members without regulating them (an example of this is the nursing and midwifery council which is the regulator and the Royal College of Nursery or of midwifery which are the professional bodies for that sector.

Role of different members of a group

The responsibilities assigned to individual team members may vary but typically will include:

• understanding the purpose and objectives of the project ensuring a correct balance between project and non-project work working to timescales and within cost constraints reporting progress against plan
• producing the deliverables/products to agreed specifications
• reviewing key project deliverables/products
• identifying issues
• identifying risks associated with the project
• working together as a team
• contributing towards successful communication
• contributing towards positive motivation

Stages of group formation

Role of professional bodies

Professional bodies are organizations whose members are individual professionals. In some professions it is compulsory to be a member of the professional body, in others it is not. This usually depends on whether or not the profession requires the professional to have a ‘license to practice’, or to be on a professional register, in order to do their job. This is related to how the profession is regulated i.e. who is responsible for making sure that professionals are doing their jobs properly.

State five (5) functions of a professional body.

i         Set and assess professional examinations

ii         Provide support for continuing professional development through learning opportunities and tools for recording and planning.

iii        Publish professional journals or magazines

iv       Issue a code of conduct to guide professional behaviour

v        Deal will complaints against professionals and implement disciplinary procedures. 

State five (5) ethics in Information technology

i         F2 ‒mail and internet access monitoring by employers

ii         Peer to peer networks used for music downloads implies violation of copyright laws

iii        Unsolicited e‒mail (Spain)

iv       Halkers breaking into databases of financial institutions can result in identify theft

v        Students downloading material from the web can result in plagiarism on term papers

State and explain six (6) key elements of total quality management.

i. Customer Focus‒Everything an organization does should have the needs of the customer as its starting point.

ii. Obsession with quality‒Quality has to be something that is considered from the very beginning and built into everything a business or organization does, planning carefully, monitoring work and constant re‒evaluation and adjustment are all extremely important.

iii. Continual improvement of system‒The work of an organization must be viewed as a process that is never finished.

iv. Unity of purpose‒In order for quality to be achieved, everyone in an organization has to work together towards common goals.

v. Team work‒ working in teams, rather than individuality, people make better connections with their colleagues and the organization and create better results

vi. Education and training‒Achieving quality requires constant learning for everyone in an organization and that learning needs to be part of the organizational culture.

State five (5) characteristics of a group

i    People in groups interact with one another, The interaction includes activities that focus on the task at hand and activities that concern the interpersonal relations linking group members.

ii        Groups create interdependence among the group members

iii   Interaction is patterned by group structure including roles, norms and interpersonal relations.

iv       Group seeks goals such as those specified in the model of group tasks.

v       Group cohesion or cohesions determines the unity of the group.

State and explain the four (4) classification of groups

          i. concocted group‒ Are planned by individuals or authorities outside the group .the flight crew of an air plane, a military squad are concoted groups

ii Founded Groups‒ Are planned by one or more individuals who remains members of the group .A small internet start up company, a study group an expeditionary team are a,, founded group.

iii Circumstantial Group‒ Are emergent, situational forces, set the stage for people to learn temporarily in a unified group .A group of travelers stranded together when their bus breaks down is a circumstantial group.

iv Self organizing groups‒ Emerge when interacting individuals gradually align their activities in a  cooperative system of interdependence. example, drivers leaving a crowded parking lot through a single exit.

What is a group?

          A group is defined as two or more individuals who are connected to one another by social relationships. A group can range in size from two members to thousands of members.

What fields and what topics are included in the scientific study of group dynamics?

i         The field of group dynamics is an interdisciplinary one, including many researchers outside of sociology and psychology

ii         Many researchers carry out action research by using scientific methods to identify solutions to practical problems.

iii        Researchers, have examined a wide variety of group processes including group development structure, influence, power, performance and conflict.

iv       Group dynamics is itself dynamic for it is the field of inquiry dedicated to advancing knowledge about the group of nature.

Write short note on the British computer society

          British computer society is a professional body and a learned society that requires those working in information technology both in UK and internationally.it was established in 1957 with over 65,000 members in more than 100 countries.it is also the qualifying body for chartered IT professionals. they are also an international awarding body for a wide range of qualifications for both users of IT and IT specialists. They have over 40 specialist groups all of which offer members excellent networking and an unrivalled opportunity to keep abstract of current developments in numerous areas of interest.

Write a covering letter tailored a job vacancy and create effective CV

3, Sanusi Street,

Ijeshatedo, Surulere,

Lagos.

11th September 2017.

Mr. IdowuEkundayo,

Human Resources Manager,

Nestle Nigeria PLC,

22/24, Industrial Avenue,

Ilupeju Ikeja,

Lagos, Nigeria.

Dear Sir,

APPLICATION FOR THE POST OF A DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR

Obedience –– Performance –– Results, these are only some of the documented traits I offer in the role of a Computer Science HND in view. I choose Nestle because of its excellent reputation in the business world. 

I have a full knowledge on Microsoft applications like Microsoft word, excel, access, and PowerPoint and database management. I have had ample opportunities to put my education into practice by doing computer science projects for class. Particularly, I was a shining achiever of good grades when it comes to computer related courses.

Moreover, I posses excellent knowledge of computation theories and enjoy building new algorithms which is why I have been commended by my lecturers several times. As part of your organization, I have much to contribute in terms of hardware and software management and I would like to work as a full time employee with your organization.

I would truthfully appreciate an opportunity to meet with you and discuss how my computer science education and hands-on experience can benefit your organization. If you need any additional information regarding my candidacy, please contact me on 07080736376 or via email adeola.halimah@gmail.com.

Thanks a lot for your consideration.

Yours Sincerely,

Halimah A.

HALIMAH ADEOLA

3, Sanusi Street, Ijeshatedo Surulere, Lagos.

07080736376, 08171903473

Adeola.halimah@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

To work in an organization where my abilities will be fully utilized and also with great prospect of acquiring new skills and knowledge relevant to my career in Computer Science.

WORK EXPERIENCE

Multi choice, Ohstar Satellite                                        Sango Ota, Ogun State

Post Held: Cashier                                                                December, 2014 – December, 2015

Responsibilities

• Making payment on customers dstv/gotv account daily through the subscriber’s management

application.

• Treating customer’s complaints patiently and resolving them,
• Taking accurate account of daily transactions.

Great Betol Model College                                                          Okunola, Egbeda Lagos

Post Held: Computer instructor                                       September, 2013 – July, 2015

Responsibilities

• Teaching students according to the scheme of work.
• Taking computer practicals in the computer laboratory.

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu.                                                       2015 till date

HND in view, Computer Science

Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu.                                                       2011 – 2014 

OND, Computer Science (Upper Credit)

Millennium Senior Secondary School Egbeda.                                              2008 – 2011

SSCE-O Level

Community Junior Grammar School, Egbeda.                                 2005 – 2008

Junior School Certificate

Great BetolNur/Pry School Egbeda.                                                    2000 – 2005

First School Leaving Certificate

SKILLS

• Highly self-motivated
• Working Knowledge of Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint etc) and a Diploma in Desktop Publishing
• Creative and innovative
• Good team player with strong  analytical mind.
• Transparency and integrity.
• Excellent interpersonal skills.

INTERESTS

• Meeting people
• Reading
• Research
• Playing scrabble.

REFERENCES

1. Mr. Femi Osun

Lecturer

Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu

Telephone: 08036709808

• Mr. Adebanke Ibrahim

Multichoice, Ohstar Satellite

08060898057

• Mrs. Bola Aderibigbe

Teacher

T & K Woodland School, Ifo Ogun State

Telephone: 08027078520, 09057571193