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INTEL DEV. CLASS
CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
BY
Committee of Intellectuals [CoI]
@
INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE CENTER [INTEL CENTER]
CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION 2018/2019 PAST QUESTION
COURSE TITLE: CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
COURSE CODE: GNS 111/121
CLASS: ALL ND I
SESSIOIN: FIRST SEMESTER, 2018/ 2019
1a. What is Citizenship Education?
b. As a student of citizenship education what are the values that can be added to you by studying this course
2a. What is a constitution?
b. Explain briefly federal constitutions
c. Discuss the merits and demerit of a federal constitution
3a. Democracy is practically impossible without the Rule of law. Discuss
b. What are the limitations of the Rule of law
4a. Briefly explain the merits and demerits of the followings
- Richard Constitution
- McPherson Constitution
- Lyttleton Constitution
5a. Who is a Citizen?
b. How is citizenship acquired and terminated in your country?
6a. What is Revenue Allocation?
b. What are the problems of revenue allocation in Nigeria?
c. Discuss the prospects of revenue allocation in Nigeria
7. Briefly explain the rights of a citizen with examples and how such right could be protected
8a. Distinguish between a federal constitution and confederal Constitution
b. Which of these Constitution do you recommend to Nigeria and why?
CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION 2018/2019 SOLUTIONS
1a. What is Citizenship Education?
Citizenship education is a discipline that is place to the citizens of a country about social, economic, cultural, religion, political etc inherent in that country.
b. As a student of citizenship education what are the values that can be added to you by studying this course
i. It helps citizens to understand social education.
ii. it helps citizens to know his/her right in the country.
Iii.it helps citizens to understand the constitution of her country.
iv. it gives the explanation of the do and don’t in the country.
v. it helps citizens to understand the education down to the regional culture in the country.
vi. it helps citizens to know about the social, economic, cultural, religion, political etc inherent of the country.
2a. What is a constitution?
Constitution is a set of principle, fundamental rules and practices of government, written and unwritten, which establishes the major organs of government [i.e legislature, executives, and judiciary], allocates them their powers, defines the rights of citizens and the relations between them and the state. Thus, it is a set of rules and regulations that guide or govern a particular state.
b. Explain briefly federal constitutions
CONFEDERAL CONSTITUTION is a constitutional form with two levels of government, the central of confederal government and the component states. Thus, a confederation is formal when independent and sovereign member states come together for some common purpose. Hence it state, the relationship between sovereign states on a common course of action on certain specified circumstances.
c. Discuss the merits and demerit of a federal constitution
MERIT
i. it promotes good neighborliness among the states of the confederation.
ii. it grants component states the legal right to secede whenever any of them wants to do so.
iii. it promotes , limited cooperation, economic defence.
iv. identity is been retained.
DEMERIT
i. it produce a weak central authority.
ii. it does not allow for even development.
iii. It disregard the central government.
iv. its jurisdiction and activities are limited.
v. it has direct authority only on the member state.
3a. Democracy is practically impossible without the Rule of law. Discuss
Rule of Law is the equality before the law as propounded by A.V Diecy in year 1885 thus, it is the law of the land and nobody should be above it. He stressed that the tenets of the rule of law goes with the following principle;
i. Equality before the law.
ii. impartiality
iii. supremacy of the law
iv. principle of fundamental human right.
However some factors have encouraged the success of rule of law which makes democracy further more practically impossible without the rule of law which includes;
I. public trial of accused person
ii.independent Judiciary
iii. laws must not be kept secret
iv.mass literacy.
v. freedom of the press.
vi. cooperating state
b. What are the limitations of the Rule of law
i. State of emergency.
ii. Police brutality
iii. Partial Judiciary.
iv. Diplomatic immunity.
v.
Poverty, illiteracy, and ignorance.
vi.Type of government.
4a. Briefly explain the merits and demerits of the followings
- Richard Constitution
- McPherson Constitution
- Lyttleton Constitution
RICHARD
CONSTITUTION
MERIT
i. it widened the scope of Nigerian representation in the legislative council.
ii. it served as a stimulant to the development of nationalist activities.
iii. it gave Nigerians more opportunities for discussion of their own affairs
iv. it formed the basis for the creation of regions and subsequently states in Nigeria.
DEMERITS
i. No responsibility was given to Nigerians in the administrations of affairs.
ii. the governor could resort to the use of veto.
iii. There were direct election only in Lagos and Calabar.
MCPHERSON CONSTITUTION
MERIT
i. it created bicameral legislatures.
ii. it gave a fuller legislative power to the centre and regional legislatures.
iii. no regional bill could receive the ct.
iv. it played a great role in the realization of self – government in Nigeria.
DEMERITS
i. ministers were given charge og departments.
ii. it vested veto and reserve powers on the governor.
iii. the ministers had no control over their permanent secretaries.
LYTELLETON
CONSTITUTION
MERITS
i. the regional government had premiers who were Nigerians as leaders.
ii. it established the offices of the speaker and the deputy speaker in the leogislature.
iii. Nigeria were given opportunity to manage her affairs.
iv. it granted real law – making powers to the regional legislatures.
DEMERIT
i. no provision was made for the second chamber legislature at the centre.
ii. there was no uniform electoral system through out the country.
iii. veto powers of the governors remained retained.
5a. Who is a Citizen?
A citizen is a legal/ bonafied member of a state or country.
b. How is citizenship acquired and terminated in your country?
Citizenship acquired
i. By birth
ii. by registration
iii. through marriage.
iv. Naturalization.
v. conquest
vi. secession
vii, by honorary
Citizenship terminated
i. if one is found to be a criminal
ii. guilty of treasonable felony i.e plotting against ones country.
iii. if one is having two citizenship rights.
iv. if speech to be disloyal is been made.
v. if engaged unlawfully.
6a. What is Revenue Allocation?
Revenue allocation means how financial resources is been shared among the states in a country. Different method has been used to share the resources which all have give problems such as population, equality etc.
b. What are the problems of revenue allocation in Nigeria?
i. Corruption
ii. tribalism
iii. ethic factors
iv. Ineffectivenessdisbursing committee.
v. inadequate information about the federal account.
vi. lack of reliable data to calculate interstate shares.
c. Discuss the prospects of revenue allocation in Nigeria
i. Encouragement of diversification of economy: at a turn of oil boom in the 70s, the constitution had stipulated what percentage should go for each state of the federation. Thus it was stipulated 50% derivation. As a result, some state went into agriculture production.
ii. Resource control fiscal independence: the preoccupations of successive governments in Nigeria after independence has been to work and arrive at the most equitable derivation principle, while several committees were setup to determine a fair derivative principle.
iii. Socio- economic development: underdevelopment was a resultant effect of unfair treatment to states in a nation by the federal government.
7. Briefly explain the rights of a citizen with examples and how such right could be protected
Right of a citizen are the benefits a citizen can derive from a government of a country.
EXAMPLES
i. right to life.
ii. right to dignity of human.
iii. right to privacy and family life.
iv. right to freedom of speech.
v. right to freedom of movement.
vi. right to freedom of press.
vii. right to freedom to own properties.
viii. right to peaceful assembly/association.
How Could It Be Protected
i. section 46 (1) of 1999 constitution: any person who alleges that his rights has being or is likely to be contravened in any state may apply to a high court having jurisdiction in that area for redness.
ii. Adequate checks and balance among the various arms of government.
8a. Distinguish between a federal constitution and confederal Constitution
A confederation exists when two or more states comes together to have a loose union WHILE a federation is the union of states with a common recognized authority in certain matters affecting the whole and especially in respect of external relations, currency, and custom duties.
- The authority of a confederation deals with the government of the constituents units and not with the citizens as in a federation.
- The citizens of a confederation obey only one government, that of his own state where as citizens in a federation obey two government that of the state and of the federation.
- Confederation has flexible constitution whereas federation has a rigid constitution.
- A federation is more stable politically than a confederation.
b. Which of these Constitution do you recommend to Nigeria and why?
I recommend federation constitution because it is more stable politically than a confederation constitution.
COURSE TITLE: CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
COURSE CODE: GNS 111/127
DEPARTMENT: ALL DEPARTMENTS
TIME: 2HOURS
1a. Define the concept citizenship
1b. Explain various ways of acquitting Nigeria citizenship
1c. What do you understand by dual and withdrawal of citizenship.
2. The rule of law is not always of uniform application and may deserve improvement discuss.
3. Fundamental Human rights are not absolute discuss
4. Wrist short notes on the following:
(1) National Congress of British West Africa (2) Written Constitution (3) Principle of revenue allocation (4) Decision of 1953 and 1954 constitutional conference
5a. Define the term Federal system of Government
5b. Explain the general features of a federation
5c. Discuss in details the merits and demerits of a Federal system of government.
6. Examine the provisions, merits and demerits of Clifford Constitution of 1922.
CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION SOLUTIONS
1a. Define the concept citizenship
This is the status of being a citizen, in its various senses. A citizen is a person who is a legal member of and owe allegiance to a particular country he resides in which he enjoys full civil and political rights and will be ready to put his life at stake in defense of its territory when occasion calls for that.
1b. Explain various ways of acquitting Nigeria citizenship
1. Citizenship by birth: This can be acquired in two ways, either by place of birth or by descent.
2. Citizenship by Naturalization/Application: A citizen of a country who has lived in another country for a long period; for instance 15years as is the case in Nigeria, can apply for citizenship of the country he resides.
3. Citizenship by registration/marriage: This is a method by which women acquire citizenship through marriage. It is also applicable to make.
4. Honorary citizenship: This is when citizenship of a country id granted to a distinguished or eminent foreigner without the usual requirements as a mark of honor. For example Miriam Makeba, a citizen of South Africa was honored with the citizenship of Liberian, Ethiopia and Guinea.
5. Citizenship by conquest: Through conquest after secessionist struggles, citizenship of certain individuals may be change by acquiring new status.
1c. What do you understand by dual and withdrawal of citizenship
Dual citizenship:
This a situation where a person holds citizenship of two countries at the same time. It is possible to here the constitution of a state expressing approves of it.
Withdrawal of citizenship:
1. If a citizen renounces his citizenship.
2. If the citizens is found guilty of treasonable felony.
3. If the citizen joins any subversive organization within five years he acquired the citizenship.
4. If a naturalized citizenship is jailed for more than three years within seven years he acquired the citizenship.
- A citizen could forfeit his acquired citizenship if the government of
his country denies him of such right.
2. The rule of law is not always of uniform application and may deserve improvement discuss.
Professor A.V. Dicey propounded the three principles or tenets or features of the rule of law, and generally is not always of uniform application and it deserves improvement.
1. Equity before the law: In Dicey’s view, all men are equal before the law of the land. This means that, no one is above the law of the law is no respect of persons. The law therefore should not be bent to favor any person whether rich or poor, young or old, king or servant, literate or illiterate. The principle therefore states that all citizens of a country should enjoy equal access to law facilities, equal right to fair hearing, legal advice in the court of law etc. This is one of the pillar of rule of law but it is not a applicable as stated.
2. Impartiality: The principle assumes the nation of legality, which means due process of law in dealing with a fenders. This means the offenders should not be set acquitted regardless his caliba or status in the society, but here in Nigeria is not applicable.
3. The right of the individual: The principle states that citizens of a country should enjoy certain basic the law, violation of which they have the right to seek redress rights which law court. These individual rights which are specified in most written constitutions, commonly referred to as fundamental Human rights together with their limits, as well as and the government protection will accord them. It is the opposite of this that happen on daily activities.
3. Fundamental Human rights are not absolute discuss
Rights are certain privileges that every citizen enjoys in a country irrespectively of sex, tribe or creed. These rights have restrictions and limitation on in accordance to Nigeria constitution. They are serious restrictions to these rights especially the freedom of speech, which will be explained and elucidated.
- The laws of slander: This is a false or unsupported malicious statement, spoken or published, especially one which is injurious to a person’s reputation. This means one must be mindful and careful of his utterances in other to keep him safe, anyone found guilty of this crime can fined or jailed or do both.
- Law of Sedition: This is an organized in incitement of rebellion or civil disorder against authority or the state usually by speech or writing.
You cannot say or publish mendacious information about the government.
3. Law of invasion of privacy is part of the restrictions to fundamental human right, you can’t say because you are given right of movement, and you invaded someone’s privacy for your action you will be penalized.
4. Wrist short notes on the following:
(1) National Congress of British West Africa (2) Written Constitution (3) Principle of revenue allocation (4) Decision of 1953 and 1954 constitutional conference
(1) National Congress of British West Africa: The main objectives of the congress was to unite the four British West African Countries of the Gold Coast, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Gambia in their demand for independence.
(2) Written Constitution: This refers to the whole body of fundamental laws, customs, conventions, principles, rules and regulations according to which a particular government of a country operates are written or documented down.
Unwritten …….are not written down or codified in a single document.
- Principle of revenue allocation: it can be defined as the practice by which one
level of government turning over a portion of the revenue it receives from taxation to another level of government usually a lower one.
- Decision of 1953 and 1954 constitutional conference: The conference also
agreed that regional government should in the sphere of activities given to them be independent of central government.
5a. Define the term Federal system of Government
It can be defined as one in which government powers that exist in the country are shared between a central government that represents the whole country and government of component regions or states, so that each government is legally and constitutionally independent and autonomous.
5b. Explain the general features of a federation
1. Division of government powers between central & components governments of the regions or states.
2. Adoption of a written constitution.
3. Duplication of organs of government in all government.
4. Residual powers are served for the component regions or states
5. Existence of bicameral legislature
6. The constitution is rigid
7. The supremacy of the constitution
8. Constitutional repudiation of succession
5c. Discuss in details the merits and demerits of a Federal system of government.
Merits of a Federal System
1. Political Unity: This is as a result of the fact that it unites people of different political, social, geographical, cultural, religious, historical and linguistic origin together without destroying their identity and separate existence.
2. Faster Development: The fragmentation of power into different areas in a federation, ensures faster and even development.
3. Creation of More employment opportunities: The duplication of office makes this possible.
4. Maintains political stability, the division of powers in a federation removes all forms of desertification that leads to political stability.
Demerits
1. Disparity in the level of development; some component regions or states in a federation tend to develop faster than others.
2. Encourages secession: The fear of domination among the various ethnic groups and other defects of federalism lead to threat of succession.
3. Leads to dial loyalty: a citizen will be loyal to his state and the central government.
4. Inter state friction: This is as a result of differences in opinion among these component states or regions into which powers are divided
6. Examine the provisions, merits and demerits of Clifford Constitution of 1922.
Merit of Clifford constitution
1. It started the process and prepared Nigerians for self government.
2. It also witnesses the birth of newspaper in Nigeria.
3. The constitution allowed Nigerians more representation than the Nigerian Council
4. It served as the first ever constitution in Nigeria
5. It gives special impetus to political activities which lead to the formation of political parties.
Demerits of Clifford constitution
1. The constitution vested too much powers on the government including the power to legislate for the North
2. The constitution excluded Nigeria officials or non-officio is in the executive council
3. The constitution isolated the Northern provinces of Nigeria
4. The constitution allowed the legislated Council to be dominated by Europeans
5. The constitution did not extend elective principle to the executive council
