Avel-COVID19-SLT-Nd1- PLANT AND ANIMAL TAXONOMY

COVID – 19 SIT@HOME

INTEL DEV. CLASS

ND SCIENCE LAB TECH.

PLANT AND ANIMAL TAXONOMY

BY

Committee of Intellectuals [CoI]

@

INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE CENTER [INTEL CENTER]

COURSE TITLE: PLANT AND ANIMAL TAXONOMY

COURSE CODE: STB 111     

QUESTIONS

1a.        Explain the binomial system of nomenclature

b.         Enumerate the hierarchy of classification in both plant and animal kingdom

c.          Discuss the characteristic features Fungi

2a.       Describe the methods of preservation of vertebrates and invertebrates

b.         Enumerate the importance of preservation

c.          Explain the technique for collection and preservation of common flowering plant

3a.       Discuss the characteristic features of Pteridophytes

b.         Differentiate between Angiosperm and Gymnosperm

c.          Draw and label the full structure of a given Angiosperm plant

4a.       Describe characteristic of the following flowering plants; (i) Poaceae (ii) Liliaceae  

            (iii) Anacadiaceae      (iv) Leguminosae        (v) Rutaceae

b.         Explain the function of the following parts in a plant:

            (i) Root           (ii) Shoot         (iii) Leaf          (iv) Flower      (v) Seed

5a.       Explain the external features and give two (2) examples each of the phylum (i) Pisces

            (ii) Amphibian            (iii) Reptilia     (iv) Aves         (v) Mammalian

b.         Draw and label a typical Bird

6a.       Discuss the characteristic features of the classes of the phylum Arthropoda

b.         Draw and label a typical Pisces

7a.       Describe the characteristic of the following phylum:

(i) Coelenterata         (ii) Platylminths          (iii) Annelida   (iv) Mollusca   (v) Protozoa

b.         Phylum Echinodermata (Protochordates) are the missing link between invertebrates and vertebrates. Explain 

PLANT AND ANIMAL TAXONOMY

1a.       Explain the binomial system of nomenclature

1a.        This is the act of standard system to name living organism though we are familiar with common name of living organism such as mango, goat, pawpaw, lion e.t.c. In this case each kind of organism is given two names: The first name is the genus to which the organism belongs and the second bee the species to which it belong. On the geniun name begins with initial capital letter, hence the scientific name of pawpaw carica papaya. The names are written in italics or underlined separately

b.        Enumerate the hierarchy of classification in both plant and animal kingdom

b.         Kingdom         Phylum           Class    Order  Family             Genus              Species

c.         Discuss the characteristic features Fungi

c.         

• They are microscopic in nature
• They are heterotrophic
• They are eukaryotic
• They have cell wall
• They lack chlorophyll

2a.      Describe the methods of preservation of vertebrates and invertebrates

2a.       Vertebrates: Remove the intestine, inject a lot of formylix and sundry 

Invertebrates: Putting them in formylix

b.        Enumerate the importance of preservation

b.        

• For future references
• Helps with the species identification
• It has educational benefit to students
• Research can be made on a preserved specimen
• To identify organism life cycle 

c.         Explain the technique for collection and preservation of common flowering plant

c.          Go to the field collect plants specimen and the plant specimen seeds, leave, fruit and stem should be attached to the specimen so also the bark for easy identification. Ensure the latitude and longitude are known and the vegetation of the environment should be known. Give proper identification of the environment and details of the tree or plant (i.e. specimen). On getting to the lab the specimen should be put in a paper and be pressed with a plant grass tied and then after which it should be sundry. If possible the papers can be change ensuring the features or identification (i.e. fruit, leaves, stem and bark) are not lose. Hence it can be placed in a well-ventilated room with Air Conditioner (AC) or a room with Canfor. 

3a.      Discuss the characteristic features of Pteridophytes

3a.      

• They are multicellular vascular plants
• They are non-flowering plants  
• They have true root, stems and leaves
• They are non-seed producing plants
• They are mainly terrestrial plant
• They reproduce sexually be means or spores
• Examples are tern, water tern and telings

b.        Differentiate between Angiosperm and Gymnosperm

b.         ANGIOSPERM                                             GYMNOSPERM

They are land plant                                        They are found every where

They have named seeds                                Seeds protected within fruits

They do not bear flowers                               They are flowering plants

Less or water conducting vessels                    Abundance of water-conductivity vessels

c.         Draw and label the full structure of a given Angiosperm plant

4a.      Describe characteristic of the following flowering plants; (i) Poaceae (ii) Liliaceae   (iii) Anacadiaceae         (iv) Leguminosae   (v) Rutaceae

4ai.      POACEAE

• The leaf vein runs parallel to one another
• They are monocotyledons
• They are perennial or annual

ii.          LILIACEAE

• They are flowering plant
• They are monocotyledons
• They are often in bulbous geophytes 

iii.         ANACADIACEAE

• They are flowering plants
• Their leaves are deciduous or everygreen    
• They have milky sap 

iv.         LEGUMINOSAE

• They are flowering plants
• The seed pods give the family it original name
• They have flower pea

v.         RUTACEAE

• They are flowering plants
• The leaves are usually opposed and compound, and without stipules
• The fruit are very variable

b.        Explain the function of the following parts in a plant:

            (i) Root         (ii) Shoot      (iii) Leaf       (iv) Flower   (v) Seed

bi.        ROOT : Absorption of water and inorganic nutrients 

ii.          SHOOT: Absorb nutrients via the plant’s different roots    

iii.         LEAF: Helps in photosynthesis          

iv.         FLOWER: Function for reproduction           

v.         SEEDS: Nourishment of the embryo, dispersal to a new location, and dormancy during unfavourable conditions.

5a.      Explain the external features and give two (2) examples each of the phylum (i) Pisces    (ii) Amphibian (iii) Reptilia            (iv) Aves       (v) Mammalian

5ai.      PISCES

• The skin is covered by scales but few are without scales
• They have fins which are used for movement in water
• They are aquatic animals
• They have a two-chambered heart
• They show parental care for their young ones
• They are cold blooded animals
• They have gills which are used for gaseous exchange
• Examples is tilapia and crayfish  

ii.          AMPHIBIAN           

• They are porisilothermic or cold blooded animals
• They have two parts of limbs – forelimbs and hindlimbs
• They carry out gaseous exchange (respiration) by gills, lungs, skin and mouth
• Reproduction is sexual while fertilization is external
• They have poisonous gland on the skin which are used for defence
• They have three chambered heart
• Example are toads and newts  

iii.         REPTILIA     

• They are porisilothermic or cold blooded animals
• They have dry skin covered with scales
• They have two parts of limbs except snakes
• Some are aquatic (e.g. crocodile) while others are terrestrial
• They have lungs which is used for gaseous exchange
• They have an incomplete developed four-chambered heart
• Examples are snakes and turtles

iv.         AVES

• They are homorothermic or warm blooded animals
• They have two parts of limbs
• They have a four-chambered heart
• They exhibit oviparous mode of reproduction
• They have lungs which are used for gaseous exchange
• They show parental care for their young ones
• They have wings which are used for light
• Examples are duck and pigeons 

v.         MAMMALIAN

• They are homorothermic or warm blooded animals
• Their bodies are covered with hairs
• They have two pairs of limbs
• They have lungs which is used for gaseous exchange
• They have developed brain
• They have four chambered heart
• They exhibit viviparous mode of reproduction
• Examples are lions and man 

b.        Draw and label a typical Bird

6a.      Discuss the characteristic features of the classes of the phylum Arthropoda

6a.       ARTHROPODA

• They have segmented bodies
• They have hard, rigid exoskeleton made of chitin
• Some are aquatic while others are terrestrial
• Their bodies are bilaterally symmetrical
• They have various means of respiration e.g. gills, trachea, lungbook or body surface
• They are triploblastic
• They exhibit moulting or ecydsis
• Examples or the various classes are:

Insect: e.g. grasshopper, cockroach

Arachnidan: e.g. spider, truss

Crustaceans: e.g. crab, prawn

Myirapoda: e.g. centipedes and millipedes

b.         Draw and label a typical Pisces

b.         PISCES

7a.      Describe the characteristic of the following phylum:

(i) Coelenterata (ii) Platylminths (iii) Annelida (iv) Mollusca (v) Protozoa

7ai.       COELENTERATA    

• All are aquatic animals
• They are radically or biradically symmetrical  
• They are diploblastic
• They have no coelom
• They have one opening
• Examples are hydra, sea anemone e.t.c.

ii.          PLATYLMINTHS     

• They are bilaterally symmetrical
• They lack body cavity
• They have complete reproductive organs
• They have no respiratory, circulatory or skeletal system
• They are multicellular
• They are mainly parasites in man and others animal
• Examples are tapeworm, live flukes e.t.c.

iii.         ANNELIDA  

• Their bodies are made up of three thick layers
• They have external and internal segmented bodies
• The body is long and cylindrical
• They reproduce sexually and many are hermaphrodites
• They have a true body cavity
• Some are aquatic while other are terrestrial
• Examples are earthworm, leeches e.t.c. 

iv.         MOLLUSCA  

• Their eyes and tentacles are used for sensitivity
• Some are aquatic while others are terrestrials
• Some have calcareous shells 
• They have tentacles on their head
• They possess muscular foot adapted for crawling, burrowing
• The body is covered by a soft tissue called mantle
• Examples are squad, snails e.t.c. 

v.         PROTOZOA

• They are unicellular
• They reproduce sexually
• They have organelles  
• They are made up of eukaryotic
• They move with flagella and cilia
• Examples are amoeba, paramecium e.t.c.

b.        Phylum Echinodermata (Protochordates) are the missing link between invertebrates and vertebrates. Explain 

b.         Echinodermata are the missing link between invertebrates and vertebrates because of their characteristics which includes;   

• Could be rounded, cylindrical or star shaped without head 
• They have no brain, only few specialized sense organs
• They have a complete digestive system
• Sexes are separate, fertilization is external
• They have indeterminate type or development
• Examples are star fish, sea lilies e.t.c.